本文最后更新于2025年11月03日；如遇到问题，请及时留言告知。

修改源

sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

一般情况下，将 /etc/apt/sources.list 文件中 Debian 默认的源地址 http://deb.debian.org/ 替换为镜像地址即可。 Debian Buster(10) 以上版本默认支持 HTTPS 源。如果遇到无法拉取 HTTPS 源的情况，请先使用 HTTP 源并安装： apt install apt-transport-https ca-certificates

默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释 一般来说，为了更及时地获得安全更新，不推荐使用镜像站安全更新软件源，因为镜像站往往有同步延迟。参考 Debian 安全常见问题

官方安全更新软件源：

deb https://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

软件更新

sudo apt-get update

从所有配置的源中获取最新的包列表，它不会升级任何包，只是更新了包管理器的数据库，让 apt 知道可用包的最新版本

sudo apt-get upgrade

根据获取的包列表，升级所有已安装的包到最新版本根据获取的包列表，升级所有已安装的包到最新版本

清华源

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

阿里源

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main

腾讯源

deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib

deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib

deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib

deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main

网易源

deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib

deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib

deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib

deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main

华为源

deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib

deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib

deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib

deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main

中科大源

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ bookworm-security main

南大源

deb https://mirror.nju.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirror.nju.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib

deb https://mirror.nju.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirror.nju.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib

deb https://mirror.nju.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirror.nju.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib

deb https://mirror.nju.edu.cn/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb-src https://mirror.nju.edu.cn/debian-security/ bookworm-security main